• '",1 i 



'- 6-- 3 2. 



^ibvatjy of <^n\^xt$^. 



j:y/„// .']d4i ^ 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



I 



KEY 



CONTAINED IN 

THE INSTITUTES 

OP 

DESIGNED FOR THE AID OF TEACHERS AND. PRIVATE 
LEARNERS. 



v^ 

Ot TCOXXOI VOfiOV TO f^i55 '^OlOUTt. 

jYEW-YORK: 

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, AND SOLD AT No. 61, CLIFF-STREET, 

AND AT THE I?0OKST0RES. 

MAKLON DAT, PRINTEB, NO. 376, PEARL-STREET. 






\^a. 



II 



#4f##-#-^#T>E IT REMEMBERED, that on the thirteenth day of July, A. D. 
■^Tif ® ♦Jj 1825, ID the fiftieth year of the Independence of the United States 
|!-4^<%i^(%'#' of America, Goold Brown, of the said district, hath deposited in this 



4)'4*'->#-4'-<^4>^4' office the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as Author, 
"words following, to wit: — 

"A Key to the Exercises for Writing, contained in the Institutes of English Gram- 
mar. Designed for the aid of teachers and private I earners. By Goold Brown. 

Oi weAAo) voWv TO 160^ ToioZa-i.^^ 

In conformity to the Act of Congress of the United States, entitled "As Act for the 
encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, t« the 
authors and proprietors of such copies, during the time therein mentioned." And also 
to an act, entitled " An act, supplementary to an act, entitled an act for the encourage- 
ment of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and 
proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending the bene- 
^ts thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." 

JAMES DILL^ 
Clerk ©/ the Southern District of JYew - York. 



^- 



PREFACE. 



That great improvement has been made in the manner 
of instructing youth in the principles of grammar, will not be 
doubted by any one acquainted with the books and the modes 
of teaching formerly employed for this purpose. In conse- 
quence of this improvement, the study of grammar, which 
was once prosecuted chiefly through the medium of the dead 
languages, and was regarded as the proper business of those 
only who were to be instructed in Latin and Greek, is now 
thought to be an appropriate exercise for children in elemen- 
tary schools. And the sentiment is now pretty generally 
admitted, that even those who are afterwards to learn other lan- 
guages, may best acquire a knowledge of the common prin- 
ciples of speech from the grammar of their vernacular 
tongue. This opinion appears to be confirmed by that 
experience which is at once the most satisfactory proof of 
what is feasible, and the only proper test of what is useful. 
It must, however, be confessed, that an acquaintance with 
ancient and foreign literature is absolutely necessary for him 
who would become a thorough philologist or an accomplished 
scholar ; and that the Latin language, the source of most of 
the modern tongues of Europe, being remarkably regular in 
its inflections and systematic in its construction, is in itself 
the most complete exemplar of the structure of speech, and 
the best foundation for the study of grammar in general. 
But, as the. general principles of grammar are common to 
all languages, and as the only successful method of learning- 



IV PREFACE. 

them, is, to commit to memory the definitions and rules which 
embrace them, it is reasonable to suppose that the language 
most intelligible to the learner, is the most suitable for the 
commencement of his grammatical studies. A competent 
knowledge of English grammar is in itself a valuable attain- 
ment, which is within the easy reach of many young persons 
whose situation in life debars them from the pursuit of general 
literature. 

The attention which has lately been given to the culture of 
the English language, by a few who have laboured purposely 
to improve it, and by many who, in various branches of 
knowledge, have made it the polished vehicle of the most 
interesting truths, has in a great measure redeemed it from 
that contempt in which it was formerly held in the halls of 
learning ; but it does not yet appear to be sufficiently attended 
to, in the course of what is called a liberal education. Com- 
pared with other languages, the English exhibits both excel- 
lencies and defects; but there are few, if any, to which it 
ought on the whole to be considered inferior. It is now 
scarcely necessary to urge, that our language is worthy to be 
assiduously studied by all who reside where it is spoken, and 
who have the means and the opportunity to become critically 
acquainted with it. To every such student, it is vastly more 
important to be able to speak and write well in English, than 
to be distinguished for proficiency in the learned languages, 
and yet ignorant of his own. Classical scholars are too 
often deficient in this respect. And their neglect of so im- 
portant an accomplishment, is the more remarkable, and the 
more censurable, on account of the facility with which those 
who are acquainted with the ancient languages, may attain 
to excellence in their English style. 

But there are still several circumstances on account 
of which the praise of our present methods of instruc- 
tion, is liable to some just abatement. Among these, 



PREFACE. y 

is the want of unifonnity and accuracy in our books and 
modes of teaching. The particular views and interests 
of individuals have given rise and local use to such a multi- 
plicity of meagre epitomes, and capricious modifications of 
those grammatical treatises which have acquired some repu- 
tation ; and these corapends are severally adhered to by their 
advocates, with so little regard to taste and scholarship ; (of 
which they are, for the most part, but sorry specimens ;) 
that the general introduction of any one grammar, whatever 
may be its merits, is an event little to be expected. This 
diversity admits of some apology, but it is attended by many 
inconveniences ; it subjects parents to useless expense, 
teachers to unnecessary trouble, and pupils to needless em- 
barrassment. Sucli is the facility with which many who 
cannot write for themselves, can remodel the grammati- 
cal labours of others, and pass them off under new^and 
improved forms, and so common has this species of book- 
making become, that he who labours most for the real im- 
provement of this humble department of literature — he who 
devotes himself with the greatest diligence and effect to the 
drudgery of " removing rubbish and clearing obstructions 
from the paths through which Learning and Genius press 
forward to conquest and glory,"* — has the least prospect of an 
adequate remuneration for his services, and the least hope of 
escaping the reproaches and cavils of the ignorant and 
the interested. In many of the grammars now in use, 
there are numerous inaccuracies and deficiencies,f which 
cannot but impede the progress of general improvement 
in this branch of learning. These disadvantages can be 



* Dr. Johnson. 

f "That all the grammars used in our different ichools, public as well 
as private, are disgraced by errors or defects, h a complaint as just as it 
is frequent and loud."— Dr. Barrow. 
1* 



VI PREFACfi. 

obviated only by a concurrence of sentiment among the 
learned, founded on that candid discrimination which ought 
to characterize every teacher, and which might be expected to 
produce some agreement in matters of criticism, among 
men whose lives are devoted to literature and the liberal 
pursuit of knowledge. 

The vain pretensions of several modern simplifiers, con- 
trivers of machines, charts, tables, dialogues, vincula, ocular 
analyses, and new theories, for the purpose of teaching 
grammar, may serve to deceive the ignorant, to amuse the 
visionary, and to excite the admiration of the credulous ; but 
none of these inventions has any favourable relation to the 
improvement mentioned above. The definitions and rules 
which constitute the doctrines of grammar, may be variously 
expressed, arranged, illustrated, and applied 5 and, in the 
exp^ression, arrangement, illustration, and application of 
them, there may be room for some amendment : but no con- 
tiivance can ever relieve the pupil from the necessity of 
committing them thoroughly to memory. The experience 
of all antiquity is a confirmation of this; and the judicious 
teacher, though he will not shut his eyes to a real improve- 
ment, will be cautious of renouncing the practical lessons of 
hoary experience for the futile notions of a vain projector. 

It has unfortunately become fashionable, to represent this 
opinion as the result of mere prejudice, and to inveigh against 
the necessary labour of learning by heart the essential prin- 
ciples of grammar, as a useless and intolerable drudgery. 
And this popular notion is giving countenance to modes of 
teaching well calculated to make superficial scholars. When 
those principles are properly defined, disposed, and exempli- 
fied, the labour of learning them is far less than has been re- 
presented ; and the habits of apphcation induced by the usual 
method of studying grammar, are of the utmost importance 
to the learner. Experience shows that the task may be 



PREFACE. VJl 

achieved during the years of childhood ; and that, by an early 
habit of study, the memory is so improved as to render those 
exercises easy and familiar which, at a later period, would 
be found difhcult and irksome. Some words will be learned 
before the ideas represented by them are fully comprehended, 
or the things spoken of are fully understood ; but this seems 
necessarily to arise from the order of nature in the develope- 
ment of the mental faculties ; and an acquisition cannot be 
lightly esteemed, which has signally augmented and improv- 
ed that faculty on which the pupil's future progress depends. 

But definitions and rules committed to memory and not 
rendered familiar by practice, will never enable any one to 
speak and write correctly. Grammar is a practical art ; 
and every person may be esteemed a grammarian in exact 
proportion to the correctness and elegance of his diction. 
But strict propriety of language cannot be attained without 
a thorough knowledge of the principles and rules of gram- 
mar ; and such a knowledge can never be communicated by 
instructions that are merely theoretical. The utility of 
practical exercises, has long been admitted ; and most of the 
grammars pubHshed within the last fifty years, contain both 
examples for parsing, and selections of faulty composition to 
be corrected by the learner. Of these selections, Murray^'s 
is the most copious, and, perhaps, the most judicious. 
Several of the earlier ones are ridiculous jumbles of such 
errors as are never found in any other books, and are scarcely 
heard among the vulgar ; and many of the later ones are 
mere copies from Murray, published by persons who found 
it easier te avail themselves of his labours than to make selec- 
tions of their ewn. 

From the advertisement prefixed to Murray's Key, it ap- 
pears that his whole book of exercises v/as designed to be 
wrhten out by the learner. And it is apprehended, that, by 
the unnecessary prolixity of many of his examples, he has 



Vlll PREFACE. 

rendered this task so tedious, that it is seldom performed in 
the manner lie has prescribed. It was therefore thought 
that a series of exercises, equal in number and variety to 
Murray's, but consisting of shorter examples, would conside- 
rably facilitate the practical application of the principles of 
grammar, and would be acceptable both to the teacher and 
the learner. With this view, were the exercises in the 
Institutes of English Grammar compiled. A slight inspec- 
tion of the following pages, or of the Grammar itself, will 
show in what manner the design has been executed. 

It is manifest, that exercises either too easy or too difficult, 
must defeat their own purpose. It was therefore judged ex- 
pedient, to divide the examples of false construction into 
two parts, and to place the greater number of them under 
the rules of syntax, to be corrected orally according to 
formules given. A Key to this portion of the false syntax, 
is published with the Grammar ; that the pupil, when he 
cannot ascertain the error for himself, may have access to 
the right construction, and be enabled clearly to state the 
proper correction, and the reason for if. The following 
Key, being adapted to the exercises which are to be written 
out by the learner, should not be put into the hands of the 
schoolboy. It is designed merely to aid the teacHer in cor- 
recting the written essays of his pupils, and to give the pri- 
vate learner the satisfaction of knowing when he is right. 
If the Grammar be used by any teacher who is not familiar 
with the subject, to him the Key will be indispensably neces- 
sary. 

New-York, 1825. 



A KEir 

TO THE 

CONTAINED IN THE INSTITUTES 

OF 

PART I. 
S2:ERCZSZSS ZH ORTHOaRAPKir. 

[33^ Institutes of English Grammar, Page 8.] 

EXERCISE I.— CAPITALS. 

1 . The pedant quoted Johnson's Dictionary of the English 
Language, Gregory's Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 
Crabb's English Synonymes, Walker's Key to the Pronuncia- 
tion of Proper Names, Sheridan's Rhetorical Grammar, and 
The Diversions of Purley. 

2. Gratitude is a delightful emotion. The grateful heart 
at once performs its duty, and endears itself to others. 

3. What madness and folly, to deny the Great First 
Cause ! Shall mortal man presume against his Maker ? 
shall he not fear the Omnipotent ? shall he not reverence 
the Everlasting One ? — ' The fear of the Lord is the begin- 
ning of wisdom.' 

4. Xerxes the Great, Emperor of Persia, united the 
Medes, Persians, Bactrians, Lydians, Assyrians, Hyrcanians, 
and many other nations, in an expedition against Greece. 

5. 1 observed that, when the votaries of Religion were 
led aside, she commonly recalled them by her emissary Con- 
science, before Habit had time to enchain them. 

6. Hercules is said to have killed the Nemean lion, the 
Erymanthian boar, the Lernean serpent, and the Stympha- 



10 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

lian birds. — The Christian religion has brought mythologic 
stories and Milesian fables into disrepute 

7. I live as I did, I think as I did, I love you as I did ; 
but all these are to no purpose: the world will' not live, 
think, or love, as I do. — O wretched prince ! O cruel re- 
verse of fortune ! O father Micipsa ! 

8. Are these thy views ? proceed, illustrious youth ; 
And virtue guard thee to the throne of Truth ! 

9. Those who pretend to love peace, should remember 
this maxim : " It is the second blow that makes the battle.'"' 

EXERCISE II.— CAPITALS. 

^ Time and I will challenge any other two,' said Philip. 

' Thus said Diogenes, * do I trample on the pride of Plato.* 
— 'True, replied Plato 3 'but is ifc not with the greater 
pride of Diogenes ?' 

The father, in a transport of joy, burst into the following 
words ; ' O excellent Scipio ! Heaven has given thee more 
than human virtue ! O glorious leader ! O wondrous youth !' 

Epaminondas, the Theban general, was remarkable for 
his love of truth. He never told a lie, even in jest. 

And Pharaoh said to Joseph, " Say to thy brethren, ' Do 
this — lade your beasts, and go to the land of Canaan.' " 

Who is she that, with graceful steps and a lively air, trips 
over yonder plain ? Her name is Health : she is the daugh- 
ter of Exercise and Temperance. 

To the penitent sinner, a Mediator and Intercessor with 
the Sovereign of the universe, appear comfortable names. 

The murder of Abel, the curse and rejection of Cain, and 
the birth and adoption of Seth, are almost the only events re* 
lated of the immediate family of Adam, after his fall. 

On what foundation stands the warrior's pride, 
How just his hopes, let Swedish Charles decide. 

In every leaf that trembles to the breeze, 
I hear the voice of God among the trees. 

EXERCISE III.— SPELLING. 

L Few know the value of a friend till they lose him. 
Good men pass by offences, and take no revenge. 
Hear patiently, if thou wouldst speak welL 



IN ORTHOGRAPHY. 11 

2. The business of war is devastation and destruction. 
To err is iiuinan ; to forgive, divine. 

A bad speller should not pretend to scholarship. 

3. It often requires deep digging, to obtain pure water. 
Praise is most shunned by the praise-worthy. 

He that hoists too much sail, runs a risk of oversetting, 
4 Quarrels are more easily begun than ended. 
Contempt leaves a deeper scar than anger. 
Of all tame animals iht flatterer is the most mischievous. 

5. Quacks are generally more venturesome than skilful. 
He that wilfully injures ethers, is a bad citizen. 
Oddity may excite attention, but it cannot gain esteem, 

6. Good examples are very convincing teachers. 
Doubts should not excite contention, but inquiry. 
Obliging conduct procures deserved esteem. 

7. VVise men measure time by their improvement of it. 
Learn to estimate all things by their real usefulness. 
Encouragement increases with success, 

8. Nothing essential to happiness is unattainable. 
Vices, though near relations, are all at variance. 
Before thou deniest a favour, consider the request. 

9. Good-will h a more powerful motive than constraint, 
A loell-spent day prepares us for sweet repose. 

The path of fame is altogether an uphill road. 

EXERCISE IV.— SPELLING. 

i. He is faZ^ enough who walks uprightly. 
Repetition makes small transgressions great. 
Religion regulates the ivill and affections. 

2. To carry difull cup even, requires a steady hand. 
Idleness is the nest in which mischief lays its eggs. 
The whole journey of life is beset with/oes. 

3. Peace of mind should he preferred to bodily safety. 
A bad beginning is unfavourable to success. 

Very fruitful trees often need to be propped. 

4. \one ever gained esteem by tattling and gossiping. 
Religion purifies., fortifies, and tranquihzes the mind. 
They had all been closeted together a long time. 

5. Let every one be fully persuaded in his own mind. 
Indolence and listlessness are foes to happiness. 
Carelessness has occasioned many a wearisome step. 



12 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

6. In all thy undertakings, ponder the motive and the €nd. 
We cannot wrong others without injuring ourselves. 

A durable good cannot spring from an external cause. 

7. jDw^y appreciate and improve your privileges. 
To borrow of future time, is thriftless management. 
He who is truly di freeman is above mean compliances. 

8. Pitying ivie\\^& cannot save us in a dying hour. 
Wisdom rescues the decays of age from aversion. 
Valleys are generally more fertile than hills. 

9. Cold numbness had quite bereft her of sense. 

A cascade, or waterfall, is a charming object in scenery. 
Nettles grow in the vineyard of the slothful. 
Tuition is lost on idlers and numskulls. 

EXERCISE v.— SPELLING. 

1. He that scoffs at the crooked, should beware of stooping. 
Pictures that resemble flowers, smell only of paint. 
Misdemeanours are the pioneers of uross vices. 

2. To re?nit a wrong, leaves the offender in debt. 
Superlative commendation is near akin to detraction. 
Piety admits not of excessive sorrow 

3. You are safe m forgetting benefits you have conferred. 
He has run well who has outstiippei his own errors. 

See that you have ballast proportionate to your rigging. 

4. The biases of prejudice often preclude convincement. 
Rather follow the wise than lead the foolish. 

To reason with the angry, is like whispering to the deaf. 
A bigoted judge needs no time for deliberation. 
The gods of this world have many worshipers. 

5. i'rossness has more subjects than admirers. 
Fearlessness conquers where Blamelessness is armour-bearer. 

6. Many things are chiefly valued for their rarity. 
Vicious old age is hopeless and deplorable. 
Irreconcilable animosity is always blamable. 

7. Treachery lurks beneath a guileful tongue. 
Disobedience and mischief deserve chastisement. 

By self examination, we discover the lodgements of sin. 
The passions often mislead \he judgement. 

8. To be happy without holiness, is impossible. 
And all within were walks and alleys wide. 
Call imperfection what xhou fanciest such. 



IN ORTHOGRAPHY. 

Without fire, chimneys are useless. 

9. The true philanthropist deserves a wmveYS'dX passport. 

Ridicule is generally but the froth of ill-nature. 

All misspent time will one day be regretted. 

EXERCISE VI.— SPELLING. 

Fiction may soften, without improving the heart. 
Affectation is a sprout that should be nipped in the bud. 
A covetous person is always in want. 
Fashion is comparable to an ignis-fatuus. 
Fair appearances sometimes cover foul purposes. 
Garnish not your commendations with flattery. 
Never utter a falsehood even for truth's sake. 
Medicines should be administered with caution. 
We have here no continuing city, no abiding rest. 
Many a trap is laid to ensnare the feet of youth. 
We are caught as sillily as the bird in the net. 
By deferring repentance, we accumulate sorrows. 
To preach to the dronish, is, to waste your words. 
We are often benefited by what we have dreaded. 
We may be successful, and yet disappointed. 
In rebuses, pictures are used to represent words. 
He is in great danger who parleys with conscience. 
Your men of forehead are magnificent in promises. 
A true friend is a most valuable acquisition. 
It is not a bad memory that forgets injuries. 
Weigh your subject well, before you speak positively , 
Difficulties are often increased by mismanagement. 
Diseases are more easily prevented than cured. 
Contrivers of mischief otten entrap themselves. 
Corrupt speech indicates a distempered mindi 
Asseveration does not always remove doubt. 
Hypocrites are like wolves in sheeps' clothing. 
Ostentatious liberality is its own paymaster. 

EXERCISE VII.— SPELLING. 

A downhill road may be traveled with ease. 
Distempered fancy can swell a molehill to a mountain. 
Let your own unbiased judgement determine. 
A. knave can often undersell hh honest neighbours. 
Xenophanes preferred reputation to wealth. 
2 



13 



14 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

True politeness is the offspring of benevolence. 

Levelers are generally the dupes of designing men. 

Rewards are for those who have fulfilled their duty. 

Who trusts a hungry boy in a cupboard of dainties ? 

Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows. 

The liberal man ties his purse with a bow-knot. 

Double-dealers are seldom long in favour. 

The characters of the crossrow have wrought wonders. 

The plagiary is a jackdaw decked with stolen plumes. 

All virtues are in agreement ; all vices, at variance. 

Personal liberty is every man's natural birthrighti 

There, wrapped in clouds, the bluish hills ascend. 

The birds frame to thy song their cheerful cheruping^ 

There fgs, ski/died^ a purple hue disclose. 

Lysander goes twice a day to the chocolate-house. 

Years following years, steal something every day. 

The soul of the slothful does but drowse in his body. 

What think you of a clergyman in a soldier's dress? 

Justice is here holding the steelyard for a balance. 

The humming-bird is sometimes no bigger than an humble-bee. 

The muskittoes will make you as spotted as a salmon-trout. 

Cruelty to animals is a malicious and low-lived vice. 

Absolute Necessity must sign their death-warrant. 

He who catches flies, emulates the gnat-snapper. 

The frogs had long lived unmolested in a horse-pottd. 

^ These are villainous creatures,' says a blockheaded boy. 

The robin-red-breast till of late had rest ; 

And children sacred held a martin's nest. — Pope, 

Obsekvation. — The exercises in spelling being designed to direct the 
learner's attention to the Rules, and show him what orthography is analo- 
gical, all the words which have any relation to the Rules, are here spelled 
according to them. In most of these words, custom confirms the analogy ; 
in some, it wavers ; and, in a few, it inclines to anomaly. Deviations from 
both custom and analogy, are gross errors When custom is doubtful or 
divided, analogy should be allowed to determine: as in alleys, valleys, re- 
buses, biases, biased, bigoted, closeted, benefited, worshipers, gossiping, down- 
hill, waterfall, abridgement, acknowledgement; and perhaps we may add, 
judgement, unbiased, villainous, tranquilize, and misspent. Traveled and 
Levelers are analogical, and approved by some writers; but custom doubles 
the last I. Muskitto is a diminutive from the Latin musca, a fly ; and is 
^properly spelled in tlnis manner in Todd's Johnson. 



IN ETYMOLOGY. 



PART II. 



1^ 



ESERCISES ZXff s,<rzMoi,oaTt. 

[0= Institutes of English Grammar, page 88.] 

EXERCISE I.— ARTICLES. 

1. "Prefix the definite articlcj" &c. thus— TAe path, fAe 
paths ; the loss, the losses ; the Hame, the names ; the page, 
the pages ; the want, the wants j the doubt, the doubts j the 
votary, the votaries. 

2. " Prefix the indefinite article," &c. thus — An age, an 
error, an idea, aw omen, aw urn, an arch, a bird, a cage, 
a dream, «n empire, a farm, a grain, a horse, a?i idol, a 
jay, a king, a lady, a man, a novice, aw opinion, a pony, 
a quail, a raven, a sample, a trade, an uncle, a vessel, a win- 
dow, <i youth, a zone, a whirlwind, a union, an onion, a 
unit, an eagle, a house, an honour, an hour, a herald, a 
habitation, an hospital, a harper, a harpoon, a ewer, c^n 
eye, a humour. 

3. " Insert the definite article," &c. thus — George the 
Second — the fair appearance — part the first — reasons the 
most obvious — the good man — the wide circle — the man of 
honour — the man of the world — the old books — the common 
people — the same person — the smaller piece — the rich and 
the poor — the first and the last — all the time — the great ex- 
cess— </«e nine muses — how rich the reward — so small the 
number — all the ancient writers— in the nature of things — 
much the better course. 

4. " Insertthe indefinite article, "&c. thus — 'A new name — ■ 
a very quick motion — an other sheep — such a power — what 
an instance — a great weight — such a worthy cause — too great 
a difference — a high honour- — an humble station — a univer- 
sal law — what a strange event — so deep an interest — as firm 
a hope — so great a wit — a humourous story — such a person 
— a (ew dollars — a little reflection. 

EXERCISE II.— NOUNS. 

1. "Write the plural of the following nouns:'' thus — 
Town, toums ; country, countries ; case, cases ; pin, pins ; 



16 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

need]e^ needles y' harp, harps ; pen, pens ^ sex, sexes ; rusbj 
rushes ; arch, arches ; marsh, marshes ; monarch, monarchs; 
blemish, blemishes; distich, distichs ; princess, princesses ; 
gas, gasses ; bias, biases ; stigma, stigmas ; wo, looes ; 
grotto, grottoes; folio, folios ; punctilio, punctilios; ally, 
allies; duty, duties; toy ^ toys; money, money s ; entry, en- 
tries ; valley, valleys ; volley, volleys ; half, halves ; dwarf, 
dwarfs; strife, strifes; knife, knives ; roof, roofs; muff, 
muffs ; staff, staves ; chief, chiefs ; sheaf, sheaves ; mouse, 
juice ; penny, pence; ox, oxen ; foot, feet; erratum, erra- 
ta; ^.xis, axes; thesis, theses ; criterion, critej'ia ; bolus, 60- 
luses ; rebus, rebuses ; son-in-law, sons-i?i-law; pailful, J5a?7- 
fids; man-servant, mail- servants. 

2. " Write the feminines corresponding to the following 
nouns:" thus — 'Earl, countess; friar, nun ; stag^ hind ; lord, 
lady; duke, dutchess ; marquis, marchioness ; hero, heroine ; 
executor, executrix; nephew, neiee ; heir, heiress; actor, 
actress; enchanter, enchantress ; hunter, huntr ess ; prince, 
princess ; traitor, traitress ; lion, lioness ; arbiter, arbitress; 
tutor, tutoress ; songster, songstress ; abbot, abbess; mas- 
ter, mistress ; uncle, aunt ; widower, tvidow ; son, daughter; 
landgrave, landgravine, 

3. ^' Write the possessive case, singular, of the following 
nouns :" thus — Table, table's ; leaf, leaf's ; boy, boy's ; 
torch, torch's ; park, park's ; porch, porch's ; portico, /?or- 
tico's ; lynx, lynx's; calf, calf's; sheep, sheep's; wolf, 
wolf's; echo, echo's; folly, folly's ; cavern, cave?m's ;,. fa- 
ther-in-law, father-in-law's ; court-martial, court-martial' s. 

4. " Write the possessive case, plural, of the following 
nouns:" thus — Friest, priests^; tutor, tutors'; scholar, scho- 
lars'; mountain, mountains'; city, cities'; courtier, cour- 
tiers'; ]udge, judges'; citizen, citizens'; woman, women's; 
servant, servants'; writer, writers'; grandmother, grand- 
mothers'. 

5. " Write the possessive case, both singular and plural, 
of the following nouns :" thus — ^ody, body's, bodies'; fancy, 
fancy's, fancies'; lady, lady's, ladies'; attorney, attorney's, 
attorneys'; negro, negro's^ negroes'; nuncio, nuncio's, nun- 
cios'; life, life's, lives'; brother, brother's, brothers'; deer, 
deer's, deei's'; child, child's, children's ; wife, wife's, wives'; 
iroQse, goose's, geese's ; beau, beau's, beans'; en\oy, envoy's^ 



IN ETYMOLOGY. IT 

envoys'; distaffj distaff distaffs^- colloquy, colloquy' Sy col- 
loquys^; hero, hero's, Iieroes'; thief, thief's, thieves'; wretch, 
wretch's J toretches\ 

EXERCISE III.— ADJECTIVES. 

. [0^ The first two paragraphs of this exercise may be va- 
riously written, and yet be correct. The words here given 
are merely a specimen : many others may be written with 
equal propriety.] 

1. '^* Anex suitable nouns to each of the following adjec- 
tives : thus — Good news, great men, tall trees, wise people, 
strong drink, dark cellars, dangerous sports, ^hmalhowlings , 
drowsy servants, twenty volumes, true stories, difficult ques- 
tions, pale comitenance, livid streaks, npe fruit, delicious fla- 
vour, stormy day, rainy night, com enient place, heavy load. 

2. " Prefix a suitable adjective to each of the following 
nouns :'^ thus^Some man, dutiful son, rich merchant, hard 
work, high fence, great fear, extreme poverty, beautiful pic- 
ture, young prince, tedious delay, pai?ifid suspense, wicked 
devices, destructive follies, stra?ige actions. 

3. " Compare the following adjective's :" thus— Black, 
blacker, blackest; bright, brighter, brightest ; short, shorter, 
shortest 'White, whiter, whitest ; old, older, oldest; high, 
higher highest; wet, wetter, wettest ; big, bigger, biggest; 
tew, fewer, fewest ; lovely, lovelier, loveliest; dry, drier, 
driest; M, fatter, fattest; good, better, best; bad, icorse, 
worst ; httle, less, least; much, more, most; many, more, 
most; far, farther, farthest, 

4. " Express the degrees of the following qualities by the 
comparative adverbs of increase :" thus-Delightful, more 
delightful, »^o^^ delightful; comfortable, y^zore comfortable, 
most comfortable ; agreeable, more agreeable, most agreea- 
ble ; pleasant, more pleasant, »2o*/ pleasant; fortunate, mere 
ortunate, wos^ fortunate ; valuable, more valuable, ^/zo*^ va- 

luable; wretched, more wretched, most wretched; vivid, 
more vivid, most vivid ,• timid, more timid, most timid ; poio- 
nant, more poignant, most poignant ; excellent, more exceU 
lent, most excellent. 

5. " Express the degrees of the following qualities by the 
comparative adverbs of diminution :" thus-Objectionabie 
less objectionable, least objectionable ; formidable, le^s foiv 

2* 



1( 



KESr TO THE EXERCISES 



midable, least formidable ; forcible, less forcible, least forci- 
ble ; comely, less comely, least comely ; pleasing, less pleas- 
ing, least pleasing ; obvious, less obvious, least obvious ; 
censurable, less censurable, least censurable ; prudent, less 
prudent, least prudent. 

EXERCISE IV.— PRONOUNS. 

1. "Write the nominative plural of the following pro- 
nouns :" thus — I, we ; thou, ye or you ; he, they ; she, they ; 
it; they ; who, who ; which, which; what, what ; that*, that. 

2. " Write the declension of the following pronouns :" 
thus — 

Plural. 



N. myself, 
P. 



N. ourselves, 
P. 



O. myself 5 O. ourselves. 



N. thyself, 
P. 



N. yourselves, 
P. 



O. thyself; O. yourselves. 



N. himself, 
P. — 



N. themselves, 
P. 



O. himself; O. themselves. 



'ai\ 
N. herself, 
P. 



Plural, 
N. themselves. 
P. 



O, herself ; O. themselves. 



N. itself, 
P. 



O. itself; 



N. themselves^ 

P. 

O. themselves. 



N. whosoever, N. whosoever, 
P. whosesoever^ P. whosesoever, 
O. whomsoever; O. whomsoever' 



3. " Write the following words in their customary form :" 
thus — Her's, hers ; its', its ; our's, ours ; yours', yours ; 
their's, theirs ; who's, whose ; meself, myself; hisself, him- 
self', theirselves, themselves. 

4. " Write the objective singular of all the simple pro- 
nouns :" thus — Me, thee, him, her, it — whom, which, what^ 
that. 

5. " Write the objective plural of all the simple pro- 
nouns:" thus-^[/;9, you, them, them, them — lohom, which, 
what, that. 

EXERCISE v.— VERBS. 

1 . " Write the four principal parts of each of the following 
verbs :" thus— Slip, slipped, slipping, slipped ; thrill, thrill- 
ed, thrilling, thrilled ; caress, caressed, caressing, caressed 5 



IN ETYMOLOGY. 19 

force, forced, forcing, forced ; release, released, releasing, 
released ; crop, cropped, cropping, cropped i try, tried, 
trying, tried ; die. died, dying, died ; obey, obeyed, obeying, 
obeyed ; delay, delayed, delaying, delayed ; destroy, des- 
troyed, destroying, destroyed ; deny, denied, denying, deni- 
ed ; buy, bought, buying, bought ; come, came, coming, 
come ; do, did, doing, done ; feed, fed, feeding, fed ; lie, lay, 
lying, lain — or, lie, lied, lying, lied ; say, said, saying, said ; 
huzza, huzzaed, huzzaing, huzzaed. 

2. " Write the following preterits in their appropriate 
form :" thus — Exprest, expressed; stript, stripped j learnt, 
learned; dropt, dropped; i^xmpX, jwTvped ; prest, pressed; 
topt, topped ; whipt, whipped ; spoilt, spoiled ; propt, prop- 
ped; hxtjjixed ; staid , sta7/ed ; past, passed; crost, cross- 
ed ; stept, stepped ; distrest, distressed ; gusht, gushed ; 
confest, confessed ; snapt, snapped ; blest, blessed ; shipt, 
shipped ; kist, kissed ; discust, discussed ; lackt, lacked. 

3. "Write the following verbs in the indicative mood, 
present tense, second person, singular:"' thus — Move, mov- 
est ; strive, strivest ; please, pleasest; reach, readiest ; con- 
fess, cow/es^e*^ ; 6.x,Jixest; deny, deniest ; surxiwe, surviv- 
est ; know, knowst or knowest ; go, goest ; outdo, outdoest ; 
close, closest ; lose, losest ; pursue, pursuest. 

4. " Write the following verbs in the indicative mood, 
present tense, singular :" thus — Leave, leaves ; seem, seems ; 
sedivch, searches ; impeach, zVwpeacAe* ; {gbx, fears; redress, 
redresses ; comply, complies ; bestow, bestows ; do, does ; 
woo, woos ; sue, sues ; view, views ; allure, allures ; rely, re- 
lies; beset, besets; release, releases; be, is; bias, biases. 

5. "Write the following verbs in the subjunctive mood, 
present tense, in the three persons, singular :" thus — If I 
serve, if thou serve, if he serve; and the Vest in like manner, 
without variation. 

EXERCISE VL— VERBS. 

1. " Write a synopsis of the first person singular of the 
active verb amuse, conjugated affirmatively:" thus — Ind. 
I amuse, I Amused, I have amused, 1 had amused, I shall 
amuse, I shall have amused. Pot. I may amuse, I might 
amuse, I may have amused, I might have amused. Subj, 
If I amuse, If I amused. 



20 KKY TO THE EXERCISES 

2. " Write a synopsis of the second person singular of the 
neuter verb sit, conjugated affirmatively in the solemn 
style :" thus — Ind. Thou sittest, Thou sattest, Thou hast 
sat, Thou hadst sat, Thou wilt sit, Thou wilt have sat. Pot. 
Thou mayst sit, Thou mightst sit, Thou mayst have sat, 
Thou mightst have sat. Subj. If thou sit, If thou sat. Imp. 
Sit thou, or Do thou sit. 

3. '' Write a synopsis of the third person singular of the 
active verb speak, conjugated affirmatively in the compound 
form:" thus — Ind. He is speaking, He was speaking. He 
has been speaking. He had been speaking, He will be speak- 
ing. He will have been speaking. Pot. Pie may be speak- 
ing. He might be speaking, He may have been speaking. 
He might have been speaking. Subj. If he be speaking, If 
he were speaking. 

4. *' Write a synopsis of the first person plural of the pass- 
ive verb BE REDUCED, conjugated affirmatively :" thus — Ind. 
We are reduced. We were reduced. We have been reduced. 
We had been reduced. We shall be reduced, We shall have 
been reduced. Pot, We may be reduced. We might be re- 
duced, We may have been reduced. We might have been re- 
duced. Subj, If we be reduced, if we were reduced. 

5. ^^ Write a synopsis of the second person plural of the 
active verb lose, conjugated negatively :" thus — Ind. You 
do not lose. You did not lose. You have not lost, You had 
not lost. You will not lose. You will not have lost. Pot. 
You may not lose. You might not lose, You may not have 
lost. You might not have lost. Subj. If you lose not, If you 
lost not. Imp. Lose not, or Do not lose, 

6. '' Write a synopsis of the third person plural of the neu- 
ter verb STAND, conjugated interrogatively :" thus— Ind. 
Do they stand .^ Did they stand? Have they stood? Plad 
they stood ? Will they stand ? Will they have stood ? Po r. 
May they stand ? Might they stand ? May they have stood ? 
Might they have stood ? 

7. " Write a synopsis of the first person singular of the 
active verb derive, conjugated interrogatively and negative- 
ly :" thus — Ind. Do I not derive ? Did I not derive? Have 
I not derived ? Had I not derived ? Shall I not derive ? 
Shall I ijot have derived ? Pot. May I not derive ? Might 
I not derive ? May I not have derived ? Might 1 not have 
derived ? 



IN ETYMOLOGY. 21 

EXERCISE VII.—PARTICIPLES. 

1 . " Write the imperfect participle of the following verbs :" 
thus — Belong, belonging ; provoke, provoking ; degrade, de- 
grading : impress, impressing ; ^y,Jli/ing ; 60, doing; sur- 
vey, survet/ing ; \\e, vying ', coo, cooing ; let , letting ; hit, 
hitting ; put, putting ; defer j deferring 5 differ, differing ; 
remember, remembering, 

2. " Write the perfect participle of the following verbs :" 
thus — Turn, turned, ; burn, burned ; learn, learned ; deem, 
deemed ; crowd, crowded : choose, chosen ; draw, drawn ; 
hear, heard; lend, lent; sweep, swept; tear, toim; thrust, 
thrust; steal, stolen ; write, written; delay, delayed; imply, 
implied ; exist, existed. 

3. *' Write the compound participle of the following verbs :" 
thus — Depend, having depended ; dare, having dared ; de- 
ny, having denied ; value, having valued ; forsake, having 

forsaken ; bear, having borne ; set, having set ; sit, having 
sat ; lay, having laid ; mix, having mixed ; speak, having 
spoken ; sleep, having slept ; allot, having allotted, 

4. " Write the following participles in their appropriate 
form :" thus — Dipt, dipped ; deckt, decked ; markt, mark- 
ed ; equipt, eqidpped ; inguUt, ingulf ed ; emharrast, embai^- 
rassed ; astonisht, astonished ; tost, tossed ; embost, embos 
sed ; absorpt, absorbed ; attackt, attacked ; gasht, gashed 
soakt, soaked ; hackt, hacked ; blest, blessed ; curst, cursed, 

5. " Write the regular participles which are now general 
ly preferred to the following irregular ones :" thus — Clad 
clothed; graven, graved ; ho\ en heaved ; hewn, hewed 
knelt, kneeled ; leant, leaned ; lit, lighted; mown, mowed 
quit, quitted ; riven, rived; sawn, sawed;, sodden, seethed 
shaven, shaved ; shorn, sheared ; sown, sowed ; strown 
strowed ; swollen, swelled ; thriven, thrived ; wrought 
worked. 

6. '^ Write the irregular participles which are commonly 
preferred to the following regular ones :" thus — Bended, 
bent; builded, J^uilt., catched, caught ; creeped, crept ; deal- 
ed, dealt ; digged, dug; dreamed, dreamt; dwelled, dwelt; 
gilded, gilt ; girded, girt ; hanged, hung ; knitted, knit . 
laded, laden ; meaned, meant; reaved, reft; shined, shone. 



22 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

slitted, slit ; splitted, split ; stringed, strung ; strived^ 
striven 5 weeped, wept 5 wonted, wont 5 wringed, wrung. 

EXERCISE VIII.-ADVERBS, &c. 

1. " Compare the following adverbs :" thus— Soon, soom- 
er^ soonest; often, o/tener, of te.nest ; weW, better, best ; bad- 
ly or ill, worse, worst } little, lesSf least; much, 7?iore, most; 
far, farther, farthest ; forth , f mother, furthest. 

2. " Prefix the comparative adverbs of increase to each of 
the following adverbs :'^ thus — Purely, wore purely, most 
purely ; fairly, more fairly, most fairly ; sweetly, more sweet- 
ly, mast sweetly ; earnestly, 7Jiore earnestly, most earnestly ; 
patiently, moi-e patiently, ?7iost patiently ; completely, fnore 
completely, w?05< completely 5 fortunately, more fortunately, 
most fortunately ; profitably, jnore profitably, most profitably. 

3. " Prefix the comparative adverbs of diminution to the 
following adverbs :" thus — Secretly, less secretly, least se- 
cretly ; slily, less slily, least siily ; liberally, less liberally, 
least liberally ; favourably, Ze*5 favourably, least favourably 5 
powerfully, less powerfully, least powerfully. 

4. " Insert suitable conjunctions in place of the following 
dashes :'' thus — Love and fidelity are inseparable. Beware 
of parties and factions. Do well, and boast not. Improve 
time as it flies. There would be few paupers, if no time 
were lost. Be not proud for thou art human. I saw that 
it was necessary. Honesty is better than policy. Neither 
he ?ior I can do it. It must be done either to-day or to-mor- 
row. Take care lest thou fall. Though I should boast, yet am 
I nothing. 

5. " Insert suitable prepositions in place of the following 
dashes:'' thus — Plead /or the dumb. Qualify thyself /or 
action 6y study. Think often on the worth of time. Live 
in peace with all men. Keep within compass. Jest not oji 
serious subjects. Take no part in slander. Guilt starts at 
its own shadow. Grudge not in giving. Go not to sleep in 
malice. Debate not with temptation. Depend not on the 
stores of others. Contend not about trifles. Many fall in 
grasping after things beyond their reach. Be deaf to de- 
traction. 

6. " Correct the following sentences, and adapt the inter- 
jections to the emotions expressed by the other words :" 



IN ETYMOLOGl^. 25 

thus — Alas ! alas ! T am undone. HeighJio ! I am tired. 
Hush! be still. Holla! this way. Psfiaw ! what nonsense! 
Hey! I am delighted. Pugh! it is contemptible. O for 
that sympathetic glow ! Ha ! what withering phantoms 
glare .' 



24 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 



PART HI. 
EXEHaZSES IN SY3\7TAX. 

[[O^ Institutes of English Grammar, page 187.] 

EXERCISE I.— ARTICLES. 

Christianity claims a heavenly origin. 

A useless excellence is a contradiction in terms. 

It would have a happy influence on genius. 

Part not with an old friend for a new acquaintance. 

Justice eyes not the parties, but the cause. 

I found in him a friend, and not a mere promlser. 

These fathers lived in the fourtli and ^/fefollowing century — 

Better : in the fourth and the ffth century — or, in the 
fourth and fifth centuries. 
The rich and the poor are seldom intimate. 
The Bible contains the old and new testaments — or, the old 

and the new testament. 
An elegant and a florid style are very different. 
Humility is a deep which no man can fathom. 
True cheerfulness is the privilege of innocence. 
Devotion is a refuge from human frailty. 
Duplicity and friendship are not congenial. 
Familiarity with the vicious fosters vice. 
Forced happiness is a solecism in terms. 
Favourites are generally the objects of envy. 
Equivocation is a mean and sneaking vice. 
He sent an other and rather more modest letter — 

Better ; He sent an other letter, which was rather more 
modest. 
Flatterers are put to flight b}' adversity. 
Obstinacy is unfavourable to the discovery of truth. 
Conic sections are a part of geometry. 
What is the proper meaning of Landgrave ? 
Sensuality is one kind of pleasure, such a one as it is. 
What sovereign assumes the title of Autocrat } 
Believe me, the man is less a fool than knave. 
He is a much deeper deceiver than sufferer. 
Laziness is a greater thief than a pick-pocket. 



IN SYNTAX. 25 

The heroes who then flourished, have passed away. 
The time which is to come, may not come to us. 

EXERCISE II.— NOUNS. 

A friend should bear difriendh infirmities. 

Deviations from rectitude are approaches to sin. 

Crafty persons often entrap themselves. 

Men''s minds seem to be somewhat variously constituted. 

The great doctors, adepts in science, often disagree. 

The two men were ready to cut each other s throat. 

We went at the rate of five miles an hour. 

His income is a thousand j>omwc?s a year. 

Five bushels of wheat are worth forty shillings. 

Reading is one means of acquiring knowledge. 

The well is at least Xen fathoms deep. 

I shall be a hundred miles off by that time. 

Wisdom's and Folly's votaries travel different roads. 

The true philanthropist is the friend of all mankind. 

He desires the h/Lppiness of the whole human race. 

The idler's ancfthe spendthrift's /at^/^ are similar. 

A good man's words inflict no injury. 

Be not generous at other people's expense. 

True hope is swift, and flies with swallows' wings. 

Life's current holds its course, and never returns. 

Many assume Virtue's livery, who shun her service. 

I left the parcel at Richardson's, the bookseller. 

The books are for sale at Samuel Wood and Sons'. 

Where shall we find friendship like David and Jonathan's ? 

Acquiesce for the sake of peace and harmony. 

The moon's disk often appears larger than the sun's. 

Consult Sheridan's, Johnson's, and Walker's^ Dictionary. 

Such was the economy of my imcle^s agent's wife. 

A frugal plenty marks the wise man's board. 

This mob, for honesty's sake, broke open all the prisons. 

Our sacks shall be a means to sack the city. 

Such was the economy of the wife of my uncle's agent. 

These emmets, how little they are in our eyes ! 

Children's minds may be easily overloaded. 

EXERCISE III.— ADJECTIVES 

A palmistry at which these vermin are very dexterous. 
3 



26 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

Tills kind of knaves I know. 

Vanity has more subjects than any other of the passions. 

The vain are delighted with new and fashionable dresses. 

So highly did they esteem these goods. 

Washington has been honoured more than any other Ameri- 
can. 

Which is the loftiest of the Asiatic mountains ? 

These ashes they were very careful to preserve. 

Is not she the youngest of the three sisters ? 

Could not some less noble plunder satisfy thee ? 

I can assign a stronger and more satisfactory reason. 

Peter was older than any other of the twelve apostles — or, 
Peter was the oldest of the twelve apostles. 

Peace of mind is more easily lost than gained. 

Of these victuals he was always very fond. 

Man has more wants than any other animal. 

Of all practical rules this is the most complex. 

Is not French more fashionable than any other language ? 

Vice never leads to honoured old age. ^ 

Cloths of an inferior quality are more saleable. 

This is found in no book published previously to mine. 

He turned away with the utmost contempt. 

Time glides swiftly and imperceptibly away. 

Of their ultenor measures 1 know nothing. 

My last three letters were never answered. 

Fortune may frown on the greatest (or, the most extraordi- 
nary) genius. 

It becomes a gentleman to speak correctly. 

The most lofty (or, the loftiest) mountain is Mont Blanc. 

If a man acts foolishly, is he to be esteemed wise ? 

Drop your acquaintance with those bad boys. 

They sat silent and motionless an hour and a half. 

Quiet minds, like smooth water, reflect clearly. 

True faith, true policy, united ran ; 

That was but love of God, and this of man. 

EXERCISE IV.— PROiNOUNS. 

He that presumes much, has much to fear. 
They best can bear repioofj, who merit praise. 
A feV pupils, older than I, excited my emulation. 



IN SYNTAX. 



27 



Every man will find himself m the state of Adam. 

None are more rich than they who are content. 

Scotland and thou did in each other live. 

These trifles do not deserve our attention. 

Truth is ever to be preferred for its own sake. 

Thou art afraid — else, what ails thee ? 

It is not Lemuel, but God, that you have offended. 

All things that have life, aspire to God. 

So great was the multitude which followed him. 

He that {or who) would advance, should not look backwards. 

It was Sir Billy — which is an other name for a fop. 

I take up the arguments in the order in ivhich they stand. 

There is nothing, with respect to me, and such as I. 

Him that is bribed, the people will abhor. 

The day ow lohich the accident happened, is not recorded. 

We know not whom to trust ; thei/ who seem fair, are false. 

The reason /or which I told it, was this ; thou wast in danger, 

I did not know the precise time at which it occurred. 

Here he who asks the question, answers it. 

Who that beheld the outrage, could remain inactive r 

This was the prison in which we were confined. 

I could not believe but that it was a reality. 

It was the boys, and not the dog, that broke the basin. 

An unprincipled junto at^e not nice about ikei?^ means — or, 

is not nice about its means. 
The people forced their way, and demanded their rights. 
Avoid lightness and frivolity : they are allied to folly. 
Either wealth or power may ruin its possessor. 
It was Joseph, he whom Pharaoh promoted. 
Origen's mother hid his clothes, to prevent his going — or 

to prevent him from going. 
He that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse him. 
Him that withholdeth corn, the people shall curse. 
I have always thought you honest, till now. 
I being but a boy, they took no notice of me. 
Them that receive me, I will richly reward. 
Had it been they, they would have stopped. 
Vain pomp, and glory of this world, I hate you. 
It was not /, that gave you that answer. 
Between you and me^ he is a greater thief than author. 
Any dunce can copy what you or I shall write. 



28 KEY TO THE EXERCISES. 

You seem to forget whom you are talking to. 
Thou being a stranger, the child was afraid. 
This was the most remarkable event that occurred. 
Happy are they whose pleasure is their duty. 

EXERCISE v.— VERBS. 

Where were you standing during the transaction ? 

Were you there when the pistol was fired ? 

Thou seest how little diflerenee there is. 

If he has failed, it was not through my neglect. 

Patience and^iligence, like faith, remove mountains. 

There were many reasons for not disturbing my repose. 

The train of brass artillery and other ordnance, is immense. 

Art thou the man that came from Judah ? 

What eye those long, long labyrinths dares explore ? 

Magnus and his friends loere barbarously treated. 

The propriety of these restrictions, is unquestionable. 

And I am one that hetieves the doctrine. 

Thou wast he that led oiit and brought in Israel. 

Beauty without virtue generally ^roi^e* a snare. 

If thou meanst to advance, eye those before thee. 

A qualification for high office», comes not of indolence. 

The desires of right reason are bounded by competency. 

Useless studies ore nothing but a busy idleness. 

Are virtue, then, and piety the same ? 

So awful an admonition were these miraculous words. 

If the great body of the people f/wwi; otherwise. 

A committee is a body that has only a delegated power. 

In peace of mind, consist our strength and happiness. 

There is no slander, where love and unity are maintained^ 

His character, as well as his doctrines, was assailed. 

Proof, and not assertion, is what is required. 

Right reason and truth are always in unison. 

No pains nor cost was spared to make it grand. 

Ignorance stupifijes themind, and is the source of many crimes. 

-Then wander forth the sons 

Of BeliaX, floio^d whh insolence and wine. 
What you must chiefiy rely on, are the attested facts. 
No axe or hammer has ever awakened an echo here. 
Did not she send, and give you this information ? 
Their honours are departing, and coming to an end. 



IN SYNTAX. ^9 

Neither wit, nor taste, nor learning, appears in it. 
Caligula *e^ himself up for a deity. 
A tortoise requested the eagle to teach him to fly. 
* O, that it were always spring ! ' said little Robert. 
I at first intended to arrange it in a new form. 
The gaoler supposed that the prisoners hadjled. 
Peter saw a vessel, as it were a great sheet. 
Peace and esteem are all that age can hope. 

Alas ! no wife or mother's care 
For him the milk or covn prepares. 

Thou bark that sailst with man ! 
Haste, haste to cleave the seas- 

EXERCISE VI..— PARTICIPLES. 

What dost thou mean by shaking thy head ? 

A good end warrants noitlie z«(?q/*bad raeans. 

Be cautious in forming connexions. 

The worshiping q/the two calves was still kept up. 

In reading his lecture, he was much embarrassed. 

This devoting o/" ourselves to God, must be habitual. 

That they estimated the prize too highly, was evident — or, 
It ivas evident that they estimated the prize too highly. 

He declared the project to be no less than a tempting of 
God — or, than to tempt God. 

Every deviation from virtue is an approach to vice. 

It is extremely foolish to boast of immoral achievements. 

it was the refusing q/" all communication with paganism. 

Our deepest knowledge is, to know ourselves — the knowing 
q/" ourselves— or, the knowledge q/" ourselves. 

He wilfully neglects the obtaining of unspeakable good. 

To ?'etaUate Injuries, is, to multiply offences. 

These things are certain : there is no denying q/ facts. 

Publicly to vindicate error, is, openly to adopt it — or, J pub- 
lic vindication of error is an open adoption of if. 

On his father^s asking of him who it was, he answered, * I. ' 
Better : His father asking him — or, When his father 
asked him, Szc. 

Thus shall we escape defeat and ruin. 

Unjust liberality is ostentatious pride. 

Wisdom teaches ajust appreciation of all things. 
3* 



30. KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

The procuring q/* these benefits, was a gratuitous ^ct. 

To do good, disinterested good, is not our trade. 

Such a renouncing of the world — or, Such a renouncemerit 

of the world — or, Such a renunciation of the world, is a 

pernicious delusion. 
A free indulgence of the appetite impairs the intellect. 
The Acts mention PauVs preaching of Christ at Damascus — 

Better : The Acts mention that Paul preached Christ at 

Damascus. 
A constant view of objects prevents our admiring of them — 

or, at them. 
We purpose to take that route when we go. 
What was the cause of the young woman'' s fainting ? 
I perceived somehody Creeping through the fence. 
I was aware of their intending to arrest me. 
We saw some mischievous hoys worrying a cat. 
To pursue fashion, is, to chase a bird on the wing. 
Great positiveness is no real proof of a stable mind. 
By establishing good laws, we secure our peace. 
Distinctness is important in the delivery q/'orations. 
He guarantied, that the permission which we demanded, 

should he granted. 
For the easier reading q/*the numbers in the table — Better-: 

That the numbers in the table may be more easily read. 
Recovering, however, from the first surprise, we entered 

boldly. 

EXERCISE VII.— ADVERBS, &c. 

Respect is often lost by the means used to obtain it. 
Such were the views of the ministry at that time. 
Raillery must be very nice not to ofiend. 
Ye know that it is an unlawful thing. 
Hence I infer that they were going thither. 
Quaint sayings are often long remembered. 
I cannot tell you whether this is the fact or not. 
Valleys are generally more fertile than mountains. 
A qualification for usefulness is acquired by study. 
Frequent transgression makes men slaves to sin. 
Let nothing ever induce you to utter a falsehood. 
The idle are, by necessary consequence, ignorant. 
The wind came about, so that we could make no way. 



IN SYNTAX. .31 

Zealots are seldom distinguishedybr charity. 

Study is as necessary as instruction^ and even more so. 

I never have been, and never shall be compensated. 

Humility seeks neither the first place nor the last word.! 

He has never told me any thing more of the matter. 

These men ranked high among the nobility. 

Their bodies are so solid and hard, that you need not fear. 

Of her brother's political life previous to this event. 

Attainments easily made, are not often of much value. 

He has no other merit than that of a compiler. 

Venus appears uncommonly bright to-night. 

Men cannot be forced either into or outof true faith. 

To this man we may safely commit our cause. 

One crime cannot be a proper remedy /or an other. 

Venus is not quite so large as the Earth. 

It is thought, that makes what we read our own. . 

Quagmires commonly have smooth surfaces. 

He was so much offended, that he would no speak to me. 

I have put my words into thy mouth. 

How wilt thou put thy trust in Egypt for chariots ? 

EXERCISE VIII.— PROMISCUOUS. 

In \\\sfather^s reign, they were connected and joined. 

What is the Earth, and what are its dimensions ? 

He is a man a great deal heavier than I. 

The privilege was never denied [to'] the citizens. 

Thankful to Heaven that thou wast left behind. 

I have met with few who understood men as well as he. 

He had then recently returned from the east victorious. 

He hoped that money would be given him. 

Laws may be, and frequently are mad^ against drunken- 
ness — or, Laws may be made against drunkenness, and 
frequently are. 

He appeared in a human shape. 

I do not attempt to explain the mysteries of religion. 
Ere matter, time, or place, was known, 
Thou sway'dst these spacious realms alone. 

One of the wisest persons that have been among them. 

What is it but to reject all authority ? 

They advocate distinctions unworthy of any free state. 

It would not be felt, and it ought not to befell. 



32 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

They who saw the disaster, were greatly alarmed. 
He knew none fitter to be their judge than himself. 
Record the name of every one present — or, the names of all 

present. 
We doubt not that we shall satisfy the impartial. 
But time and chance happen to them all. 
You icere'm hopes of succeeding to the inheritance. 
To make light of a small fault, is, to commit a greater. 
Judge not before you have heard the cause. 
Clear articulation is requisite mpublic speaking. 
God is the avenger of all breach of faith, and of all injustice: 

— or, God is the avenger of all injustice and all breach of 

faith. 
I had a letter begun, and nearly half loritten. 
It is better to be suspected than te be guihy. 
Declare the past and the present state of things. 
To insult the afflicted is impious and barbarous. 
Goodness, and not greatness, leads to happiness. 
It is pride that whispers, ' What will they think of me ?' 
In judging of others, we should exercise charity. 
Zanies are willing to befool themselves^ to please fools. 
Questions are more easily proposed, than rightly answered. 

He forms his schemes the flood of vice to stem 5 
But to preach Jesus is not one of them. 

EXERCISE IX.— PROMISCUOUS. 

The property of the rebels was confiscated. 

He was extremely covetous in all his dealings. 

There were no fewer than thirty islands. 

The plot was the more easily detected. 

Of all the books mine has the fewest blots. 

Whom does the house belong to ? — or. To whom does the 

house belong ? 
Is this the person who you say was present ? 
Knowledge is to be acquired only by application. 
Policy often prevails over force. 
These men were seen to enter the house in the night. 
These works are Cicero\s^ the most eloquent of men. 
Thomas has bought a large bay horse. 
Your gold and silver are cankered. 



IN SYNTAX. 



33 



Now abide faith, hope, and charity. 

And, he destroyed, all this will follow. 

There is no need of your assistance. 

Whom our fathers would not obey. 

Where can we find such a one as this ? 

They set out early on their journey. 

Philosophers have often mistaken the source of happiness: 

The books are as old as tradition, and perhaps older, 

This chapter is divided into sections. 

I shall treat you as I have treated them. 

A prophet mightier than he. 

Neither he nor his brother is capable of it. 

Richelieu profited bi/ every circumstance. 

What was the cause of the girPs screaming ? 

Let him and me have half of them. 

I wrote to the captain, and cautioned him against it. 

Nothing is more lovely than virtue. 

Him that is diligent, you should commend . 

They ride faster than we. 

Which oi those grammars do you like best ? 

Neither of these is the meaning intended. 

Did you understand whom I was speaking of ? — or, of whom 

I was speaking ? 
Whosoever of you will be chief, shall be servant of all. 
Remember what thou wasty and be humble. 

Was I deceived ? or did a sable cloud 
Turn forth its silver lining on the night. 

EXERCISE X.— PROMISCUOUS. 

Changed to a worse shape thou canst not be. 

For him through hostile camps I bend my way^ 
For him thus prostrate at thy feet I lie. 

Thus oft by mariners are shown 

Earl Godjvin's castles overfow^L 
No civil broils have, since his death arisen. 
I^or thou that flingst me floundering from thy back. 
Whom should I see but the doctor ! 
That which once was thou. 
To wish him to wrestle with affection. 



34 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

So much she fears for William's life, 
That Mary's fate she dares not mourn. 

Phalaris, who was so much older than she. 

They would have given him such satisfaction in other parti- 
culars, that a full and happy peace must have ensued. 

The woman whom we saw, is very amiable. 

The first three classes have read. 

A union in that which is permanent. 

Among all classes of people self-interest prevails. 

Such conduct is a disgrace to their profession. 

His education has been much neglected. 

There is no other bridge than the one we saw. 

He went and lay down to sleep. 

IVho do men say that I am ? 

Take to 3'ou handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses 
sprinkle them towards the heaven in the sight of Pharaeh. 

In eulogizing the dead, he slandered the living. 

If a dog give both the first turn and the last, he shall win. 

Neither the virtuous nor ihe vicious are exempt from trials. 

He spoke as if he were in a passion. 

Let him take heed lest he fail. 

We have all swerved /rowi the path of duty. 

Neither can I agree with him. 

He wrote both sermons and plays. 

If a man say, ' I love God,' and hate his brother, he is a liar. 

He long ago forsook that party. 

It was proved to be she that opened the letter. 

Is not this the same man that we met before ? 

I forego my claim for the sake of peace. 

For thou art a girl as much brighter than she. 
As she was a poet sublimer than I. 

EXERCISE XL— PROMISCUOUS. 

There remain two points to be settled. 

I could not avoid the frequent use of it. 

The Athenians were naturally obliging and agreeable ^ they 
were cheerful among themselves^ and humane to their in- 
feriors. 

I hope it is not / thou art displeased with. 

1 never before saw so large trees — or, trees so large. 

My paper is Ulysses- s bow, in which every man of wit and 
learning may try his strength. 



IN SYNTAX. 



55 



'Twas thou, whom once Stagyia's grove 
*Oft with her sage allur'd to rove 
I could not observe by what gradations other men proceeded 

in acquainting themselves with truth. 
I will show you the way in which it is done. 
To imprint, if it signijies any thing, is nothing else than to 

make certain truths perceived — or, to cause certain truths 

to he perceived. 
This arose from the young man''s associating with bad 

people. 
He that never thinks, never can be wise. 
It was John the Baptises head that was cut off. 
The Jews are Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob's posterity. 
Two architects were once candidates /o?' building a certain 

temple at Athens. 
This treatise is extremely elaborate. 
They descending, the ladder fell. 

The scaling ladder of sugared words, is set against them. 
One or both were there. 
What sort of animal is that ? 
These things should never be separated. 
His excuse was admitted by his master. 
It is not 1 that he is engaged with. 
I intended to reward him according to his merits. 
They would sooner become proficients in Latin. 
There are many different opinions concerning it. 
There are many in town richer than she. 
Let you and me (i. e. us) be as little at variance as possible. 
A coalman, by waking one of these gentlemen, saved him 

from ten years' imprisonment 
If a man's temper were at his own disposal, he would not 

choose to be of either of these parties. 

The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds 
Attest their joy, that hill and valley ring. 

EXERCISE XII.— PROMISCUOUS. 

But we of the n'ations beg leave to differ yrom them. 
This is so easy and trivial, that it is a shame to mention it. 
You were once quite blind ; you saw neither your disease nor 
your remedy. 

Fluttering his pennons vain, plumb down he drops 
Ten thousand jfa^Ao»z5 deep. 



36 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

The properties of the mirror depend on reflected light. 

Were you present at the last meeting ? 

Hence have arisen much stiffness and affectation. 

The nation is powerful both by sea and land. 

That set of books was a valuable present. 

The box contained forty pieces of muslin. 

She is much the tallest of the three. 

They are both remarkably tall men. 

A mail's manners may be pleasing, whose morals are bad. 

True politeness has its seat in the heart. 

He presented him an humble petition. 

I do not intend to turn critic on this occasion. 

At first sight, we took it to be them. 

The certificate was written on parchment. 

I have often swum across the river. 

I wrote four long letters yesterday. 

I expected to see you last week, but I was disappointed. 

We are beset by dangers on all sides. 

My father and he were very intimate. 

Unless he act prudently, he will not succeed. 

It was no sooner said than done. 

Let neither partiality nor prejudice appear. 

The obligation had ceased long before. 

How exquisitely is a// this performed in Greek ! 

Wh&, when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house' of 

Micah, lodged there. 
I prevailed on your father to consent. 
Always act as justice and honour require. 
They that transgress the rules, will be punished. 
With him are wisdom and strength. 
My conductor answered, that it was he. 

Be thou, O lovely isle ! forever true 

To him who more than faithful was to thee — or, 

Thou lovely isle ! forever faithful be 

To him who more than faithful was to thee. 

The joys of love, are they not douh]y yours, 

Ye poor ! whose health, whose spirits ne'er decline ?— -or, 

The joys of love, are they not doubly yows. 

Ye poor ! whose health to latest life endures f 



IN SYNTAX. 37 

EXERCISE XIII.— PROMISCUOUS. 

Having once suffered the disgrace, they feel it no longer. 

The meanness or the sin will scarcely be a dissuasive. 

Both temper and distemper consist of contraries. 

Which is the cause, the writer^s or the reader's vanity ? 

The commission oi generalissimo was also given him. 

The queen's kindred are styled gentlefolks. 

They agree as to the fact, but they differ in assigning reasons 

Their love, and their hatred, and their envy, are now perish- 
ed — or, have now perished. 

The inquiry is worthy q/* the attention of every scholar. 

Young twigs are more easily bent than boughs. 

It is not improbable that there are other attractive powers — • 
or. It is not improbable that there are potvers more at- 
tractive. 

By this means a universal ferment was excited. 

Who were utterly unable to pronounce some letters, and who 
pronounced others very indistinctly. 

All vessels on board of which any person has been sick or has 
died, perform quarantine. 

Severus forbid his subjects to change their religion for the 
Christian or the Jewish. 

Magnus, with four thousand of his supposed accomplices, was 
put to death without trial. 

Art not thou that Egyptian who before these days made an 
uproar, and led out into the wilderness four thousand men 
that were murderers ? 

An attempt to deceive children into instruction of this kind, 
is only a deceiving q/" ourselves. 

A woman, having an alabaster box of ointment, brake the box, 
and poured the ointment on his head. 

My essays, of all my works, are the most current. 

We would suggest the importance of every memher^s using q/ 
his individual influence. 

Thy sumptuous buildings, and thy v/ife's attire, 
Have cost a mass of public treasure. 

EXERCISE XIV.— PROMISCUOUS. 

These people who know not the law, are cursed. 
The iniquity of the people shall be forgiven thentm 



05 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

The favours which were promised them, having been denied. 
Rosaline, this favour thou shalt wear ; 
Hold, take thou this, my sweet, and give me thine. 

Rely not on the fidelity of any man who is unfaithful to God. 

The rules are quite as concise as before, and they are more 
clear. 

For they all knew that his father was a Greek. 

Thrice was the crown offered to Caesar. 

For a mine undiscovered, neither the owner of the ground, 
nor any body else, is ever the richer. 

Death may be sudden to him, though it come by ever so slow 
degrees, 

A brute or a man, when he is alive^ is a very different thing 
from what he is, when dead. 

I have known the mere confession of inability to become the 
occasion of confirmed impotence. 

I am exceedingly joyful in all our tribulation. 

If so much power, wisdom, goodness, and magnificence, are 
displayed in the material creation, which is the least con- 
siderable part of the universe ; how great, how wise, how 
good must he be, who made and who governs the whole ! 

A good poet no sooner communicates his works, than it is 
imagined he is a vain young creature, given up to the am- 
bition of fame. 

This was a tax upon himself for not executing the laws. 

O my people that dwell in Zion ! be not afraid. 

As rushing out- of doors, to be resolv'd, 
If Brutus so unkindly knock'd or not. 

His wrath, which one day will destroy you both. 

I know thee not — nor ever saw, till now, 
Sight so detestable as thou and he. 

The time at which to come, at which to go, 
To sing, or cease to sing, we never know. 



IN PROSODY. 



PART IV. 



39 



BXEROXSES IN PROSODY. 

[inj" Institutes of English Grammar, page 236.] 

EXERCISE I.— PUNCTUATION. 

" Copy the following sentences , and insert the commkwhere 
it is requisite.'' 

Com. R. I. The dogmatist's assurance is paramount to ar- 
gument. 
The whole course of his argumentation comes to nothing. 
The fieldmouse builds her garner under ground. 

Ex. The first principles of almost all sciences, are few. 
What he gave me to publish, was but a small part. 
To remain insensible to such provocation, is apathy. 
Minds ashamed of poverty, would be proud of affluence. 

R. II. I was eyes to the blind, and feet was I to the lame. 
They are gone, but the remembrance of them is sweet. 
He has passed, it is likely, through varieties of fortune. 
The mind, though free, has a governor within itself. 
They, I doubt not, oppose the bill on public principles. 
Be silent, be grateful, and adore. 

He is an adept in language, who always speaks the truth. 
The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. 

Ex. 1. Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed. 

He that has far to go, should not hurry. 

Feeble are all pleasures in which the heart has no share. 

Ex. 2. A good name is better than precious ointment. 
Thinkst thou that duty shall have dread to speak ? 
The spleen is seldom felt where Flora reigns. 

R. III. The city, army, court, espouse my cause. 
Wars, pestilences, and diseases, are terrible instructers. 
Walk daily in a pleasant, airy, and umbrageous garden. 
Wit, spirits, faculties, but make it worse. 
Men, wives, and children, stare, cry out, and run. 

Jl. IV. Hope and fear are essentials in religion. 



40 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

Fraise and adoration are perfective of our souls. 
We know bodies and their properties most perfectly. 
Satisfy yourselves with what is rational and attainable. 

Ex. 1. God will rather look to the inward motions of the 

mirfd, than to the outward form of the body. 
Gentleness is unassuming in opinion, and temperate in zeaL 

Ex, 2. He has experienced prosperity, and adversity. 
All sin essentially is, and must be, mortal. 

Ex. 3. One person is chosen chairman, or moderator. 
Duration, or time, is measured by motion. 
The governor, or viceroy, is chosen annually. 

Ex. 4. Reflection, reason, still the ties improve. 
His neat, plain parlour wants our modern style. 

R. V. I inquired and rejected, consulted and deliberated. 
Seed-time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, 
day and night, shall not cease. 

EXERCISE n.— PUNCTUATION. 

" Copy the following sentences, and insert the comma where 
it is requisite.^' 

R. VI. The night being dark, they did not proceed. 
There being no other coach, we had no alternative. 
Remember, my son, that human life is the journey of a day. 
All circumstances considered, it seems right. 
He that overcometh, to him will I give power. 
Your land, strangers devour it in your presence. 
Ah ! sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity I 

With heads declined, ye cedars, homage pay ; 

Be smooth, ye rocks ; ye rapid floods, give way ! 

R. VII. Now Philomel, sweet songstress, charms the night. 

'Tis chanticleer, the shepherd's clock, announcing day. 

The evening star, love's harbinger, appears. 

The queen of night, fair Dian, smiles serene. 

Hiere is yet one man, Micaiah the son of Imlah. 

Our whole company, man by man, ventured down. 

As a work of wit, the Dunciad has few equals. 
In the same temple, the resounding wood, 
All vocal beings hymn'd their e(|ual God, 



IN PROSODY. 4il 

Ex. 1. The last king of Rome was Tarquinius Superbus. 

Bossuet highly eulogizes Maria Theresa of Austria. 

Ex. 2. For he went and dwelt by the brook Cherith, 

Remotfiber the example of the patriarch Joseph. 

Ex. 3. I wisdom dwell with prudence. 

Ye fools, be ye of an understanding heart, 

I tell you that which you yourselves do know. 

Ex. 4. I crown thee king of intimate delights. 

I count the world a stranger for thy sake. 

And this makes friends such miracles below. jp 

God hath pronounced it death to taste that tree. 

Grace makes the slave a freeman. 

R. VIII. Deaf with the noise, I took my hasty flight. 

Him, piteous of his youth, soft disengage. 

I play'd a while, obedient to the fair. 

Love, free as air, spreads his light wings, and fli^ 

Then, active still and unconfinM, his mind 

Explores the vast extent of ages past. 

But there is yet a liberty, unsung 

By poets, and by senators unprais'd. 
Ex. I will marry a wife beautiful as the Houries. 
He was a man able to speak upon doubtful questions. 
These are the persons anxious for the change. 
Are they men worthy of confidence and support ? 
R. IX. Poverty wants some things — avarice, all things. 
Honesty has one face — flattery, two. 
One king is too soft and easy — an other, too fiery. 
Mankind's esteem they court — and he, his own : 
Theirs, the wild chase of false felicities ; 
His, the composed possession of the true. 

EXERCISE III.— PUNCTUATION. 

" Copy the following sentences, and insert the comma where 
it is requisite.'^ 

R. X. My desire is, to live in peace. 

The great difficulty was, to compel them to pay their debts. 
To strengthen our virtue, God bids us trust in him. 
I made no bargain with you, to live always drudging. 
To sum up all, her tongue confessed the shrew. 
4* 



42 



KEY TO THE EXERCISES 



To proceed, my own adventure was still more laughable. 
We come not with design of wasteful prey, 
To drive the country, force the swains away. • 

R. XI. Having given this answer, he departed. * 

Some, sunk to beasts, find pleasure end in pain. 

Eas'd of her load, subjection grows more light. 

Death still draws nearer, never seeming near. 

He lies full low, gored with wounds, and weltering in his blood. 

Kind is fell Lucifer, compared to thee. 

Man, considered in himself, is helpless and wretched. 

Like scatt8|ed down, by howling Eurus blown. 

He, with wide nostrils snorting, skims the wave. 

Youth is, properly speaking, introductory to manhood, 

Ex. He kept his eye fixed upon the country before him. 

They have their part assigned them to act. 

Years wilLpot repair the injuries done by him. 

R. Xf I. Yes, we both w.ere philosophers. 

However, Providence saw fit to cross our design. 

Besides, I know that the eye of the public is upon me. 

The fact, certainly, is much otherwise. 

For nothing, surely, can be more inconsistent. 

R. XHL For, in such retirement, the soul is strengthened. 
It engages our desires; and, in some degree, satisfies them. 
But, of every Christian virtue, piety is an essential part. 
The English verb is variable ; as, love^ lovest, loves. 

R. XIV. In a word, charity is the soul of social life. 
By the bowstring, I can repress violence and fraud. 
Some, by being too artful, forfeit the reputation of probity. 
With regard to morality, I was not indifferent. 
R. XV. Lo, Earth receives him from the bending skies I 
Behold, I am against thee, O inhabitant of the valley ! 

R. XVI. I would never consent, never, never, never. 
His teeth did chatter, chatter, chatter still. 
Come, come, come, come — to bed, to bed, to bed. 

R. XVII. He cried, ^ Cause every man to go out from me.' 
* Almet,' said he, ' remember what thou hast seen.' 
T answered, * Mock not thy servant, who is but a worm be- 
fore thee.' 



IN PROSODY. 43 

EXERCISE lY.— PUNCTUATION. 

1, " Copy the following sentences , and insert the comma 
and the semicolon where they are requisite J^ 

Sem. R. I. ' Man is weak/ answered his companion ; 

' knowledge is more than equivalent to force.' 
To judge rightly of the present, we must oppose it to the 

past; for all judgement is comparative, and of the future 

nothing can be known. 
^ Content is natural weahhj says Socrates; to which I shall 

add, ' luxury is artificial povert3^' 

Converse and love mankind might strongly draw ; 
When love was liberty, and nature, law. 

Sem. R. 11. Be wise to-day ; 'tis madness to defer. 

The present all their care ; the future, his. 

Wit makes an enterpriser ; sense, a man. 

Ask thought for joy ; grow rich, and hoard within. 

Song soothes our pains ; and age has pains to soothe. 
Here, an enemy encounters ; there, a rival supplants him. 
Our answer to their reasons, is, No ; to their scoffs, nothing. 

Sem, R. III. In Latin, there are six cases ; namely, the 

nominative, the genitive, the dative, the accusative, the 

vocative, and the ablative. 
Most English nouns form the plural by adding s: as, boy, 

boys ; nation^ nations ; king, kings ; bay, bays. 
Bodies are such as are endued with a vegetable soul, as 

plants ; a sensitive soul, as animals ; or a rational soul^ as 

the body of man. 

2, ^* Copy the follow sentences, and insert the comma, the 
SEMICOLON, and the colon, cohere they are requisite. ^^ 

Col. R. I. Death wounds to cure : we fall, we rise, we reign! 
Bliss ! — there is none but unprecarious bliss : 
That is the gem ; sell all, and purchase that. 

Beware of usurpation : God is the judge of all. 

Col. R. II. *1 have the world here before me; I will re- 
view it at leisure : surely, happiness is somewhere to be 
found. 

A melancholy enthusiast courts persecution ; and, when he 
cannot obtain it, afflicts himself with absurd penances : 



44 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

but the holiness of St. Paul consisted in the simplicity of 
a pious life. 

Observe his awful portrait, and admire ; 
Nor stop at wonder : imitate, and live. 

Col. R. III. Such is our Lord's injunction ; " Watch and 

pray." 
He died, praying for his persecutors : " Father, forgive 

them ; they know not what they do." 
On his cane was inscribed this motto : " Festina lentlP 

S. " Copy the folloioing sentences, and insert the comma, 
the semicolon, the colon, and the period, where they are 
requisite. 

Per. R. I. Then appeared the sea and the dry land. The 
mountains rose, and the rivers flowed. The sun and 
moon began their course in the skies. Herbs and plants 
clothed the ground. The air, the earth, and the waters, 
were stored with their respective inhabitants. At last, 
man was made in the image of God. 

In general, those parents have most reverence who most de- 
serve it ; for he that lives well, cannot be despised. 

Per. K. II. Civil accomplishments frequently gire rise to 
fame. But a distinction is to be made between fame and 
true honour. The statesman, the orator, or the poet, may 
be famous ; while yet the man himself is far from being 
honoured. 

Per. R. III. Glass was invented in England, by Benalt^ 

a monk, A. D. 664. 
The Roman eraU. C. commenced A. C. 753 years. 
Here is the Literary Life of S. T. Coleridge, Esq. 

EXERCISE v.— PUNCTUATION. 

1. ^' Copy the following sentences, and i?isert the i>ash, 
a7id such other points as are necessary.''^ 

R. I. You say famous very often ; and I don't know exactly 
what it means — a famous uniform— famous doings. — 
AVhat does famous mean ? 

O, why, famous means — Now don't you know \v\ia\. fainous 

means? — It means It is a word that people say — It is 

the fashion to say it — It means — it means— /awow5. 



IN PROSODY. / 45 

H. II. But this life is not all. There is — ^there is, full 
surely, an other state abiding us. And, if there is — what 
is thy prospect, O remorseless obdurate ! — Thou shalt 
hear — (it would be thy wisdom to think thou now hear- 
est — ) the sound of that trumpet which shall awake the 
dead ! — Return — O ! yet return to the Father of mercies, 
and live ! 

The future pleases — Why ? The present pains. — 
' But that's a secret' — Yes — which all men know. 

2. ^' Copy the following sentences, and insert the NOTE op 
INTERROGATION, and sucfi other points as are necessary.'^ 
R. I. Does Nature bear a tyrant's breast ? 

Is she the friend of stern control ? 
Wears she the despot's purple vest ? 
Or fetters she the free-born soul ? 
Why should a man whose blood is warm within, 
Sit like his grandsire cut in alabaster ? 
Who art thou courteous stranger? and from whence ? 
Why roam thy steps to this abandoned dale ? 
R. II. Who bid the stork, Columbus-like, explore 

Heav'ns not his own, and worlds unkwnon before? 
Who calls the council, states the certain day, 
Who forms the phalanx, and who points the way ? 
R. III. Ask of thy mother Earth, why oaks are made 
Taller and stronger than the weeds they shade. 
They asked me who I was, and whither I was going. 

3. " Copy the following sentences and insert the note of 
EXCLAMATION, arerf such ether points as are necessary.'' 

R. I. Alas ! how is that rugged heart forlorn ! 

Behold the victor vanquished by the worm ! 
Bliss ! sublunary bliss ! — proud words, and vain ! 
R. II. O Popular Applause! what heart of man 

Is prooT against thy sweet seducing charms? 
More than thy balm, O Gilead ! heals the wound. 
R. III. How often have I loiter'd o'er thy green, 

Where humble happiness endear'd each scene ! 
What black despair, what horror, fills his heart ' 



4b KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

4. " Copy the following sentences, aud insert the' paren- 
thesis, and such other points as are necessary, ^^ 
R. I. And all the question (wrangle e'er so long) 
Is only this, If God has plac'd him wrong. 
And who what God foretels (who speaks in things 
Still louder than in words) shall dare deny ? 
R. II. Say, was it virtue, (more though Heav'n ne'er gave,) 
Lamented Dig by ! sunk thee to the grave ? 
Where is that thrift, that avarice of time, 
(O glorious av'rice .') thought of death inspires ? 
And, oh ! the last ! last ! — what ? (can words express, 
Thought reach ?) the last, last — silence of a friend ! 

EXERCISE VI.— PUNCTUATION. 

*' Copy the following promiscuous sentences, and insert 
the points which they require.'^ 

As one of them opened his sack, he espied his money. 
They cried out the more exceedingly, * Crucify him!' 
The soldiers' counsel was, to kill the prisoners. 
Great injury these vermin, mice and rats, do in the field. 
It is my son's coat ; an evil beast hath devoured him. 
Peace, of all worldly blessings, is the most valuable. 
By this time, the very foundation was removed. 
The only words he uttered, were, 'lam a Roman citizen I' 
Some distress, either felt or feared, gnaws like a worm. 
How, then, must I determine ? — Have I no interest ?— If I 

have not, I am stationed here to no purpose. 
In the fire, the destruction was so swift, sudden, vast, and 

miserable, as to have no parallel in story. 
Dionysius, the tyrant of Sicily, was far from being happy. 
I ask now, Verres, what thou hast to advance. 
Excess began, and sloth sustains, the trade. 
Fame can never recont'le a man to a death-bed. 
They that sail on the sea, tell of the danger. 
Be doers of the word, and not hearers only. 
The storms of wint'ry time will quickly pass. 
Here Hope, that smiling angel, stands. 
Disguise, I see thou art a wickedness. 
There are no tricks in plain and simple faith. 
True love strikes root in reason, passion's foe. 
Two gods divide them all — Pleasure and Gain. 



IN PROSODY. 47 

I am satisfied. My son has done his duty. 

Remember, Almet, the vision wjiich thou hast seen. 

I beheld an enclosure beautiful as the gardens of paradise. 

The knowledge which I have received, I will communicate. 

But I am not yet happy ; and, therefore, I despair. 

Wretched mortals ! said I, to what purpose are you busy ? 

Bad as the world is, respect is always paid to virtue. 

In a word, he views men in the clear sunshine of charity. 

This being the case, I am astonished and amazed. 

These men approached him, and saluted him king. 

Excellent and obliging sages, these, undoubtedly ! 

Yet, at the same time, the man himself undergoes a change. 

One constant effect of idleness, is, to nourish the passions. 

You heroes regard nothing but glory. 

Take care, lest, while you strive to reach the top, you fall. 

Proud and presumptuous, they can brook no opposition. 

Nay, some awe of religion may still subsist. 

Then said he, ' Lo, I come, to do thy will, O G^od !' 

As for me, behold, 1 am in your hand. 

Now I Paul myself beseech you. 

He who lives always in public, cannot live to his own soul ; 

whereas, he who retires, remains calm. 
Therefore, behold I I, even I, will utterly forget you. 
This text speaks only of those to whom it speaks. 
Yea, he warmeth himself, and saith, ^ Aha, 1 am warm.' 
King Agrippa ! believest thou the prophets ? 

EXERCISE VII.— PUNCTUATION.. 

" Copy the following promiscuous sentences, and insert the 
points which they require.^' 
To whom can riches give repute or trust. 
Content or pleasure, but the good and just ? 
To him, no high, no low, no great, no small 5 
He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all. 
Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, 
Lie in three words — health, peace, and competence. 
Not so ; for, once indulg'd, they sweep the main, 
Deaf to the call, or, hearing, hear in vain. 
Say, will the falcon, stooping from above, 
Smit with her varying plumage, spare the dove ? 



45 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

Throw Egypt's by, and offer in its stead — 
Offer — the crown on Berenice's head ! 

Falsely luxurious, will not man awake ; 
And, springing from the bed of sloth, enjoy 
The cool, the fragrant, and the silent hour ? 

Yet thus it is ; nor otherwise can be : 
So far from ought romantic what I sing. 

Thyself first know, then love : a self there is 
Of virtue fond, that kindles at her charms. 

How far that little candle throws his beams ! 
So shines a good deed in a naughty world. 

You have too much respect upon the world : 
They lose it, that do buy it with much care. 

How many things by season season'd are 
To their right praise and true perfection ! 

Canst thou descend from converse with the skies, 
And seize thy brother's throat ? — For what r — a clod ; 

In two short precepts all your business lies : 
Would you be great ? — be virtuous, and be wise. 

' But sometimes virtue starves, while vice is fed' — - 
What then ? — Is the reward of virtue bread ? 
A life all turbulence and noise, may seem 
To him that leads it, wise, and to be prais'd ; 
But wisdom is a pearl, with most success 
Sought in still waters, and beneath clear skies. 
All but the swellings of the soften'd heart, 
That waken, not disturb, the tranquil mind. 
Inspiring God !'who (boundless spirit all 
And unremitting energy) pervades, 
Adjusts, sustains, and agitates the whole. 
Ye ladies ! (for, indiff'rent in your cause, 
I should deserve to forfeit all applause,) 
Whatever shocks, or gives the least offence 
To virtue, delicacy, truth, or sense, 
(Try the criterion, 'tis a faithful guide,) 
Nor has, nor can have, Scripture on its side 



IN PROSODY. 49 

EXERCISE VIII.— SCANNING. 

" Divide the following verses into the feet which compose 
thenif and mark the long and the short si/llahles.^' 

Alone I thou sitst | above | the ev|^rlast|ing hills, 
And all | immen|sity | of space | thy pres|ence fills : 

For thou I alone | art God | — as God | thy saints | adore | thee ; 

Jeho|vah is | thy name | — they have | no gods | before | thee. 

Up the I dewy j mountain, | Health is | bounding | lightly; 

On her | brows a | garland, | twin'd with | richest | posies : 
Gay is | she, e|late with | hope, and | smiling | sprightly ; 

Redder | is her | cheek, and | sweeter | than the | rose is. 

The impen|itent sin|ner whom raer|cy emp6w|ers, 
Dish5n|ours that g5od|ness which seeks | to restore 5 

As the sands | of the des|ert are wa|terM by show|ers, 
Yet barjren and fruit | less remain | as before. 

Holy and | pure are the | pleasures of | piety, 
Drawn from the | fountain of | mercy and ) love ; 

Endless, ex|haustless, exjempt from sa|tiety, 
Rising un|earthly, and | soaring a|bove. 

The bolt I that strikes ] the tow|'ring ce|dardead, 
Oft pass|es harm|less o'er | the ha|zel's head. 

Yet to I their gen I 'ral's voice | they soon | obey'd 

Innum|'rable. | As when | the po| tent rod 

Of Am I ram's son, | inE|gypt's e|vil day, 

WavM round | the coast, | up call'd | a pitch |y cloud 

Of lo|custs, warp|ingon | the east|ern wind, 

That o'er | the realm | of im|pious Pha|raoh hung 

Like night, | anddark|en'dall | the land | of Nile. — Milt. 

Thy name | is dear | — 'tis vrr|tue balm'd | in love ; 

Yet e'en | thy name | a pen|sive sad|ness brings. 
Ah ! wo I the day, | our hearts | were doom'd | to prove 

That fondjest love | but points | afflic|tion's stings ! 

Zephyrs, | moving | bland, and | breathing | fragrant 
With the I sweetest | odours | of the j spring. 

O'er the | winged | boy, a | thoughtless | vagrant, 
Slurab'ring | in the | grove, their | perfumes I fling, 
5 



50 KEY TO THE EXERCISES 

When the winds | o'er Gennesjaret roarM, 
And the biljlows tremenjdously rose ; 

The Sav|iour but utlter'd the word, 

They were hiish'd | to the calm | est repose. 

Come from the ! mount of the | leopard, spouse, 
Come from the | den of the | lion ; 

Come to the | tent of thy | shepherd, spouse, 
Come to the | mountain of | Zion. 

In the days | of thy youth, 

Rem mjber thy G5d ; 
O forsake not his truth, 

Incur I not his rod. 

Constant and | duteous, 

Meek as the | dove, 
How art thou beauteous. 

Daughter of | love ! 

ODE. 

Led by | the powV | of song, | and na|ture's love, 
Which raise | the soul | all vul| gar themes | above, 
The m6un|tain grove 
Would Edjwin rove, 
And seek | the w5od|y dell, 
Where noon|tide shad|ows fell, 
Cheering, 
Veering, 
Mov'd by | the zephjyr's swell. 
Nor less | he lov'd f (rude na|ture's child) 
The eljemenltal con|flict wild ; 
When, fold | on fold, | above | was piPd 
The wajfry swathe, | career|ing on | the wind. 
Such scenes | he saw 
With sol I em n awe, 
As in I the pres|ence of | th' Eter|nai mind. 
Fix'd he I gaz'd, 
Tranc'd and i rais'd, 
Sabllmell^ rapt | in aw|ful pleas|tire unldefin'd. 
L5 ! now, I Within | the deep ) ravine, 
A black I tmpendjing cloud 
Infolds I him in | its shroud i 



IN PROSODY. 51 

And dark | and dark|er gflooras | the scene. 
Through the | thicket | strFaming, 
Lightnings | nrw are | glc aming 5 
Thunders | rclling | dr^ad. 
Shake the I mountain's | head ; 
Nature's | war 
Echoes far, 
O'er e|ther borne. 
That flash 
The ash 
Has scathd j and torn ! 
Now it I rages ; 
Oaks f'f j ages 
Of their | honours | are re|trench'd. 
The tem|pest drlv|en 
^ Cloud I ts riv|en ; 
And the | thirsty | land is } drench'd. 



THE END. 



